Transportation Engineering

The particular places where pedestrians are to cross the pavement are properly marked by the pavement marking known as

As per the Nagpur plan, the un-surfaced roads were meant for

MORTH stands for

Highway facilities are designed for

In CBR test the value of CBR is calculated at

If aggregate impact value is 20-30 percent, then it is classified as

Tie bars in cement concrete pavements are at

As per IRC recommendations, the maximum limit of superelevation for mixed traffic in plain terrain is

Rigidity factor for a tyre pressure greater than $ 7 \text{ kg/cm}^2 $ is

Desire Lines are plotted in

Define highway alignment. What are the factors affecting highway alignment?

Briefly outline the various road patterns commonly in use.

What is camber and why it is to be provided for a road surface? Explain different types of camber in pavement with suitability of each as per traffic type.

Calculate the length of transition curve using the following data: Design speed = 70 kmph, Radius of circular curve = 200m, Pavement width including extra widening = 7.5m, Allowable rate of introduction of superelevation (pavement rotated about the centre line) 1 in 150.

Explain briefly about various factors which affect the:
(i) Road User Characteristics
(ii) Vehicular Characteristics

What is traffic volume? Enumerate the different methods of carrying out traffic volume studies.

Calculate the length of stopping sight distance for two way traffic in a single lane road. The design speed is 80 kmph. Coefficient of friction is 0.6. Calculate for sloping road with (i) Ascending slope of 2% (ii) Descending slope of 3%.

Describe briefly about PIEV theory.

The radius of a horizontal circular curve is 100m. The design speed is 50 kmph and the design Coefficient of lateral friction is 0.15. Calculate the superelevation required if full lateral friction is assumed to develop.

Explain briefly about different types of transition curves commonly adopted.

Define the following terms:
(i) Space-mean speed
(ii) Time-mean speed
(iii) Traffic Island
(iv) Passenger car unit (PCU)
(v) Traffic capacity
(vi) $ 30^{\text{th}} $ highest hourly volume
(vii) Jam Density

What are the different types of bituminous materials used in road construction? Under what circumstances each of these materials are preferred?

Differentiate between flexible pavements and rigid pavements clearly outlining the advantages and disadvantages of both.

Joints in Cement Concrete pavements

Prime Coat and Tack Coat

Extra Widening in Horizontal Curves

Floating Car Method of Speed Delay Study

The particular places where pedestrians are to cross the pavement are properly marked by the pavement marking known as

As per the Nagpur plan, the un-surfaced roads were meant for

MORTH stands for

Highway facilities are designed for

In CBR test the value of CBR is calculated at

If aggregate impact value is 20-30 percent, then it is classified as

Tie bars in cement concrete pavements are at

As per IRC recommendations, the maximum limit of superelevation for mixed traffic in plain terrain is

Rigidity factor for a tyre pressure greater than $ 7 \text{ kg/cm}^2 $ is

Desire Lines are plotted in

Define highway alignment. What are the factors affecting highway alignment?

Briefly outline the various road patterns commonly in use.

What is camber and why it is to be provided for a road surface? Explain different types of camber in pavement with suitability of each as per traffic type.

Calculate the length of transition curve using the following data: Design speed = 70 kmph, Radius of circular curve = 200m, Pavement width including extra widening = 7.5m, Allowable rate of introduction of superelevation (pavement rotated about the centre line) 1 in 150.

Explain briefly about various factors which affect the:
(i) Road User Characteristics
(ii) Vehicular Characteristics

What is traffic volume? Enumerate the different methods of carrying out traffic volume studies.

Calculate the length of stopping sight distance for two way traffic in a single lane road. The design speed is 80 kmph. Coefficient of friction is 0.6. Calculate for sloping road with (i) Ascending slope of 2% (ii) Descending slope of 3%.

Describe briefly about PIEV theory.

The radius of a horizontal circular curve is 100m. The design speed is 50 kmph and the design Coefficient of lateral friction is 0.15. Calculate the superelevation required if full lateral friction is assumed to develop.

Explain briefly about different types of transition curves commonly adopted.

Define the following terms:
(i) Space-mean speed
(ii) Time-mean speed
(iii) Traffic Island
(iv) Passenger car unit (PCU)
(v) Traffic capacity
(vi) $ 30^{\text{th}} $ highest hourly volume
(vii) Jam Density

What are the different types of bituminous materials used in road construction? Under what circumstances each of these materials are preferred?

Differentiate between flexible pavements and rigid pavements clearly outlining the advantages and disadvantages of both.

Joints in Cement Concrete pavements

Prime Coat and Tack Coat

Extra Widening in Horizontal Curves

Floating Car Method of Speed Delay Study

What is the maximum value of CBR and minimum value of G I of any material, respectively

Which one of the following methods is used in the design of rigid pavement?

As per latest IRC guidelines for designing flexible pavement of CBR method, the load parameter required is

Bituminous material is used in highway construction primarily because of them

The maximum number of cities and towns are connected by which type of highway?

The surveys of highway alignment are completed in how many stages?

The motor vehicle act was revised in

The total conflict points at a junction on both two-way roads are?

Which type of board should be installed if the speed limit is 100kmph?

Choose correct order (ascending) according to width is

What are the salient features of the Bombay Road development Plan? How it differs from Nagpur Plan?

Discuss the Various failure of Rigid and Flexible Pavement

List and explain the desirable properties of road aggregate. State the test conducted for each property?

With a neat sketch, explain impact test?

Find out OSD required for a design speed of 80 kmph for a 2-lane and 2-way traffic road. Assume $ a=1.6 \text{ kmph/sec} $ calculate and draw sketch showing overtaking zone. Explain with a neat sketch sight distance criteria at an uncontrolled intersection.

What are the various gradients used in Highway? What do you understand by Grade compensation?

Explain factors affecting sight distance on a road and also explain PIEV theory briefly

Javakar committee

Webster method

Aggregate Crushing test

Testing of Bitumen

With the help of neat sketches, explain mud-Pumping in cement concrete pavement.

What are the factors affecting the design of rigid pavement?

Design the thickness of pavement layer, base course, Sub-Base course are to be provided having 'E' value $ 400 \text{ kg/cm}^2 $ and $ 200 \text{ kg/cm}^2 $. Assuming the pavement consists of a single layer.

What is a power shovel? With a neat sketch, Explain its operation and application.

Explain the preparation and specification of stability test by Marshall method.

What is the maximum value of CBR and minimum value of G I of any material, respectively

Which one of the following methods is used in the design of rigid pavement?

As per latest IRC guidelines for designing flexible pavement of CBR method, the load parameter required is

Bituminous material is used in highway construction primarily because of them

The maximum number of cities and towns are connected by which type of highway?

The surveys of highway alignment are completed in how many stages?

The motor vehicle act was revised in

The total conflict points at a junction on both two-way roads are?

Which type of board should be installed if the speed limit is 100kmph?

Choose correct order (ascending) according to width is

What are the salient features of the Bombay Road development Plan? How it differs from Nagpur Plan?

Discuss the Various failure of Rigid and Flexible Pavement

List and explain the desirable properties of road aggregate. State the test conducted for each property?

With a neat sketch, explain impact test?

Find out OSD required for a design speed of 80 kmph for a 2-lane and 2-way traffic road. Assume $ a=1.6 \text{ kmph/sec} $ calculate and draw sketch showing overtaking zone. Explain with a neat sketch sight distance criteria at an uncontrolled intersection.

What are the various gradients used in Highway? What do you understand by Grade compensation?

Explain factors affecting sight distance on a road and also explain PIEV theory briefly

Javakar committee

Webster method

Aggregate Crushing test

Testing of Bitumen

With the help of neat sketches, explain mud-Pumping in cement concrete pavement.

What are the factors affecting the design of rigid pavement?

Design the thickness of pavement layer, base course, Sub-Base course are to be provided having 'E' value $ 400 \text{ kg/cm}^2 $ and $ 200 \text{ kg/cm}^2 $. Assuming the pavement consists of a single layer.

What is a power shovel? With a neat sketch, Explain its operation and application.

Explain the preparation and specification of stability test by Marshall method.

The star and grid pattern of road network was adopted in

The desirable camber for straight roads with water bound macadam or gravel surface, is

IRC recommends the use of ___ curve as transition curve

The weaving length of a roadway is the distance

Total parking demand is determined by which traffic study?

Regulatory signs are generally circular in shape, identify a regulatory sign which is NOT circular in shape

The speed and delay studies on a defined section of highway are conducted by

The penetration test for bitumen is conducted at a temperature of

The dowels bars are used in rigid pavements for

Bitumen of grade 80/100 means

Differentiate between flexible and rigid pavement.

Using the data given below, calculate the wheel load stresses at (a) interior (b) edge and (c) corner regions of a cement concrete pavement using Westergaard's stress equations. Also determine the probable location where the crack is likely to develop due to corner loading.
Wheel load, $ P = 5100 \text{ Kg} $
Modulus of elasticity of cement concrete, $ E = 3.1 \times 10^5 \text{ kg/cm}^2 $
Pavement thickness, $ h = 15 \text{ cm} $
Poisson's ratio of concrete, $ \mu = 0.15 $
Modulus of subgrade reaction, $ K = 6.0 \text{ kg/cm}^3 $
Radius of contact area, $ a = 15 \text{ cm} $

On a two-way traffic road, the speeds of overtaking vehicles are 65 km/hr and 40 km/hr. If the average acceleration is $ 0.92 \text{ m/s}^2 $. Determine the overtaking sight distance indicating the details of overtaking operations. Show the minimum length of overtaking zone and details of overtaking zone by a neat sketch.

A valley curve of a state highway is formed by a descending gradient of 1 in 20 meeting an ascending gradient of 1 in 30. Design the length of a valley curve to fulfil both comfort condition and headlight sight distance required for a design speed of 80 km/hr. Assume allowance rate of change of centrifugal acceleration $ C = 0.60 \text{ m/s}^3 $. Suggest the best suitable shape of the valley curve. Consider reaction time $ t = 2.5 \text{ sec} $ and coefficient of friction = 0.35.

Explain the factors affecting sight distances.

The driver of a vehicle travelling 60 km/hr up a gradient requires 9 m less to stop after he applies brakes, as compared to a driver travelling at same speed, down the same gradient. Given, $ f = 0.40 $. What is the present gradient?

Explain various road patterns in detail with neat sketches.

Explain total reaction of driver and the factors on which it depends.

Explain PIEV theory.

Write a note on factors affecting friction offered by Pavement surface.

Compare tar and bitumen.

List the various tests carried out on bitumen.

Explain the desirable properties of aggregate to be used in different types of pavement construction.

Discuss the advantages and limitations of CBR method of design for flexible pavement.

Discuss the critical combination of stresses due to wheel load and temperature effects.

Kerb Parking.

Design factors of highway lighting

ESWL.

Traffic islands

Off Tracking.

Super elevation

The star and grid pattern of road network was adopted in

The desirable camber for straight roads with water bound macadam or gravel surface, is

IRC recommends the use of ___ curve as transition curve

The weaving length of a roadway is the distance

Total parking demand is determined by which traffic study?

Regulatory signs are generally circular in shape, identify a regulatory sign which is NOT circular in shape

The speed and delay studies on a defined section of highway are conducted by

The penetration test for bitumen is conducted at a temperature of

The dowels bars are used in rigid pavements for

Bitumen of grade 80/100 means

Differentiate between flexible and rigid pavement.

Using the data given below, calculate the wheel load stresses at (a) interior (b) edge and (c) corner regions of a cement concrete pavement using Westergaard's stress equations. Also determine the probable location where the crack is likely to develop due to corner loading.
Wheel load, $ P = 5100 \text{ Kg} $
Modulus of elasticity of cement concrete, $ E = 3.1 \times 10^5 \text{ kg/cm}^2 $
Pavement thickness, $ h = 15 \text{ cm} $
Poisson's ratio of concrete, $ \mu = 0.15 $
Modulus of subgrade reaction, $ K = 6.0 \text{ kg/cm}^3 $
Radius of contact area, $ a = 15 \text{ cm} $

On a two-way traffic road, the speeds of overtaking vehicles are 65 km/hr and 40 km/hr. If the average acceleration is $ 0.92 \text{ m/s}^2 $. Determine the overtaking sight distance indicating the details of overtaking operations. Show the minimum length of overtaking zone and details of overtaking zone by a neat sketch.

A valley curve of a state highway is formed by a descending gradient of 1 in 20 meeting an ascending gradient of 1 in 30. Design the length of a valley curve to fulfil both comfort condition and headlight sight distance required for a design speed of 80 km/hr. Assume allowance rate of change of centrifugal acceleration $ C = 0.60 \text{ m/s}^3 $. Suggest the best suitable shape of the valley curve. Consider reaction time $ t = 2.5 \text{ sec} $ and coefficient of friction = 0.35.

Explain the factors affecting sight distances.

The driver of a vehicle travelling 60 km/hr up a gradient requires 9 m less to stop after he applies brakes, as compared to a driver travelling at same speed, down the same gradient. Given, $ f = 0.40 $. What is the present gradient?

Explain various road patterns in detail with neat sketches.

Explain total reaction of driver and the factors on which it depends.

Explain PIEV theory.

Write a note on factors affecting friction offered by Pavement surface.

Compare tar and bitumen.

List the various tests carried out on bitumen.

Explain the desirable properties of aggregate to be used in different types of pavement construction.

Discuss the advantages and limitations of CBR method of design for flexible pavement.

Discuss the critical combination of stresses due to wheel load and temperature effects.

Kerb Parking.

Design factors of highway lighting

ESWL.

Traffic islands

Off Tracking.

Super elevation

In a national highway, the minimum width of road and shoulder on each side are respectively.

The road connecting a city to highway is called

The longest road constructed during the time of Shershah Suri was from

The sequence of survey in a road project is

In preliminary survey of a road project, in hilly region cross sections are taken generally at

Ascending order according to width is

The order in which a road is built is

The factor-influencing camber is

For earthen roads in heavy rainfall area, common camber is

Minimum right-of-way required for a village road in open area is

Compare the construction method of Telford and Macadam; bring out the point of differences.

Explain the necessity and objects of highway planning.

Nagpur Road Plan

Fact finding surveys

Star and grid system

Saturation system

What are the objects of reconnaissance surveys? Discuss the scope of aerial survey for the purpose.

Find the total width of a pavement on a horizontal curve for a new national highway to be aligned along a rolling terrain with ruling minimum radius. V = 80 kmph, pavement width W = 7.0m, number of lanes = 2, wheel base = 6 m, skid resistance = 0.15 and max super elevation = 0.07.

Explain the role of pavement surface characteristics in highway geometric design.

State the factor affecting friction between pavements and type of vehicle.

Explain total reaction time of driver and the factor on which it depends. Explain PIEV theory.

The deviation angle at a summit curve is 0.05 and the overtaking sight distance is 300 m. Find the length of summit curve required.

Explain the term 'traffic volume'. What are the objects of carrying out traffic volume study?

The CBR value of subgrade soil is 8 percent. Calculate the total thickness of flexible pavement using- (a) design curve developed by California State Highway Department; (b) design chart recommended by IRC; (c) design formula developed by the US Corps Engineers.

Explain how climatic variation affects pavement design and performance.

Discuss the advantages and limitations of CBR method of design.

Specify the material required for construction of WBM roads. What are the uses and limitations of this type of road?

Compare the following methods of bituminous road construction:
(i) Central plant mix and road mix method
(ii) Hot mix and cold mix

In a national highway, the minimum width of road and shoulder on each side are respectively.

The road connecting a city to highway is called

The longest road constructed during the time of Shershah Suri was from

The sequence of survey in a road project is

In preliminary survey of a road project, in hilly region cross sections are taken generally at

Ascending order according to width is

The order in which a road is built is

The factor-influencing camber is

For earthen roads in heavy rainfall area, common camber is

Minimum right-of-way required for a village road in open area is

Compare the construction method of Telford and Macadam; bring out the point of differences.

Explain the necessity and objects of highway planning.

Nagpur Road Plan

Fact finding surveys

Star and grid system

Saturation system

What are the objects of reconnaissance surveys? Discuss the scope of aerial survey for the purpose.

Find the total width of a pavement on a horizontal curve for a new national highway to be aligned along a rolling terrain with ruling minimum radius. V = 80 kmph, pavement width W = 7.0m, number of lanes = 2, wheel base = 6 m, skid resistance = 0.15 and max super elevation = 0.07.

Explain the role of pavement surface characteristics in highway geometric design.

State the factor affecting friction between pavements and type of vehicle.

Explain total reaction time of driver and the factor on which it depends. Explain PIEV theory.

The deviation angle at a summit curve is 0.05 and the overtaking sight distance is 300 m. Find the length of summit curve required.

Explain the term 'traffic volume'. What are the objects of carrying out traffic volume study?

The CBR value of subgrade soil is 8 percent. Calculate the total thickness of flexible pavement using- (a) design curve developed by California State Highway Department; (b) design chart recommended by IRC; (c) design formula developed by the US Corps Engineers.

Explain how climatic variation affects pavement design and performance.

Discuss the advantages and limitations of CBR method of design.

Specify the material required for construction of WBM roads. What are the uses and limitations of this type of road?

Compare the following methods of bituminous road construction:
(i) Central plant mix and road mix method
(ii) Hot mix and cold mix

Minimum of 8 m width and 2 m wide shoulders on the following roads are recommended

Which of the following statements is correct? According to the principle of road alignment

In the final survey, the centreline stakes are driven at ___ interval in hilly terrain.

The portion of the roadway between outer edges of carriageway and drains in case of cuttings is known as

Maximum camber recommended by IRC is

For highways, width of the formation in plain area is

In steep terrain, ruling gradient is limited to

For finding stopping distance of a vehicle, the height of line of sight of driver and height of line of obstacle on road are taken as ___ respectively.

When a vehicle traces a horizontal curve, it is subjected to centrifugal force in ___ direction.

For designing highways, IRC recommends the coefficient of friction as

Outline and discuss the scope of the highway engineering study.

Briefly discuss the historical development of road construction.

There are five alternative proposals of road plans for a backward district. The details are given below. Justify with reasons, which proposal is the best, assuming utility unit of 0.5, 1.0, 2, 4 and 8 for the five population ranges and 1.0 and 5 per 1000 t of agricultural and industrial products served:

What are the various requirements of an ideal highway alignment? Explain briefly.

Discuss the general principles in the re-alignment of a highway and explain how the work is carried out.

A national highway passing through a rolling terrain in heavy rainfall area has a horizontal curve of radius 500 m. Design the length of transition curve, assuming suitable data.

State the factor on which the overtaking sight depends. Explain briefly.

State the objects of widening pavements on horizontal curve. What are the factors on which the design of widening depends? Explain.

The 15-minute traffic counts on crossroads 1 and 2 during peak hour are observed as 178 and 142 vehicles per lane respectively, approaching the intersection in the direction of heavier traffic flow. If the amber time required are 3 and 2 seconds respectively for load based approach speed, design the signal timings by trial cycle method. Assume an average time headway of 2.5 seconds during green phase.

Explain briefly the modified Hubbard Field method of bituminous mix design.

Explain the desirable properties of aggregate to be used in different types of pavement construction.

Write down the construction steps for water bound macadam road.

With the aid of neat sketches, show the different types of joint and their positions.

Minimum of 8 m width and 2 m wide shoulders on the following roads are recommended

Which of the following statements is correct? According to the principle of road alignment

In the final survey, the centreline stakes are driven at ___ interval in hilly terrain.

The portion of the roadway between outer edges of carriageway and drains in case of cuttings is known as

Maximum camber recommended by IRC is

For highways, width of the formation in plain area is

In steep terrain, ruling gradient is limited to

For finding stopping distance of a vehicle, the height of line of sight of driver and height of line of obstacle on road are taken as ___ respectively.

When a vehicle traces a horizontal curve, it is subjected to centrifugal force in ___ direction.

For designing highways, IRC recommends the coefficient of friction as

Outline and discuss the scope of the highway engineering study.

Briefly discuss the historical development of road construction.

There are five alternative proposals of road plans for a backward district. The details are given below. Justify with reasons, which proposal is the best, assuming utility unit of 0.5, 1.0, 2, 4 and 8 for the five population ranges and 1.0 and 5 per 1000 t of agricultural and industrial products served:

What are the various requirements of an ideal highway alignment? Explain briefly.

Discuss the general principles in the re-alignment of a highway and explain how the work is carried out.

A national highway passing through a rolling terrain in heavy rainfall area has a horizontal curve of radius 500 m. Design the length of transition curve, assuming suitable data.

State the factor on which the overtaking sight depends. Explain briefly.

State the objects of widening pavements on horizontal curve. What are the factors on which the design of widening depends? Explain.

The 15-minute traffic counts on crossroads 1 and 2 during peak hour are observed as 178 and 142 vehicles per lane respectively, approaching the intersection in the direction of heavier traffic flow. If the amber time required are 3 and 2 seconds respectively for load based approach speed, design the signal timings by trial cycle method. Assume an average time headway of 2.5 seconds during green phase.

Explain briefly the modified Hubbard Field method of bituminous mix design.

Explain the desirable properties of aggregate to be used in different types of pavement construction.

Write down the construction steps for water bound macadam road.

With the aid of neat sketches, show the different types of joint and their positions.

Minimum of 8 m width and 2 m wide shoulders on the following roads are recommended

Which of the following statements is correct? According to the principle of road alignment

In the final survey, the centreline stakes are driven at ___ interval in hilly terrain.

The portion of the roadway between outer edges of carriageway and drains in case of cuttings is known as

Maximum camber recommended by IRC is

For highways, width of the formation in plain area is

In steep terrain, ruling gradient is limited to

For finding stopping distance of a vehicle, the height of line of sight of driver and height of line of obstacle on road are taken as ___ respectively.

When a vehicle traces a horizontal curve, it is subjected to centrifugal force in ___ direction.

For designing highways, IRC recommends the coefficient of friction as

Outline and discuss the scope of the highway engineering study.

Briefly discuss the historical development of road construction.

There are five alternative proposals of road plans for a backward district. The details are given below. Justify with reasons, which proposal is the best, assuming utility unit of 0.5, 1.0, 2, 4 and 8 for the five population ranges and 1.0 and 5 per 1000 t of agricultural and industrial products served:

What are the various requirements of an ideal highway alignment? Explain briefly.

Discuss the general principles in the re-alignment of a highway and explain how the work is carried out.

A national highway passing through a rolling terrain in heavy rainfall area has a horizontal curve of radius 500 m. Design the length of transition curve, assuming suitable data.

State the factor on which the overtaking sight depends. Explain briefly.

State the objects of widening pavements on horizontal curve. What are the factors on which the design of widening depends? Explain.

The 15-minute traffic counts on crossroads 1 and 2 during peak hour are observed as 178 and 142 vehicles per lane respectively, approaching the intersection in the direction of heavier traffic flow. If the amber time required are 3 and 2 seconds respectively for load based approach speed, design the signal timings by trial cycle method. Assume an average time headway of 2.5 seconds during green phase.

Explain briefly the modified Hubbard Field method of bituminous mix design.

Explain the desirable properties of aggregate to be used in different types of pavement construction.

Write down the construction steps for water bound macadam road.

With the aid of neat sketches, show the different types of joint and their positions.

Minimum of 8 m width and 2 m wide shoulders on the following roads are recommended

Which of the following statements is correct? According to the principle of road alignment

In the final survey, the centreline stakes are driven at ___ interval in hilly terrain.

The portion of the roadway between outer edges of carriageway and drains in case of cuttings is known as

Maximum camber recommended by IRC is

For highways, width of the formation in plain area is

In steep terrain, ruling gradient is limited to

For finding stopping distance of a vehicle, the height of line of sight of driver and height of line of obstacle on road are taken as ___ respectively.

When a vehicle traces a horizontal curve, it is subjected to centrifugal force in ___ direction.

For designing highways, IRC recommends the coefficient of friction as

Outline and discuss the scope of the highway engineering study.

Briefly discuss the historical development of road construction.

There are five alternative proposals of road plans for a backward district. The details are given below. Justify with reasons, which proposal is the best, assuming utility unit of 0.5, 1.0, 2, 4 and 8 for the five population ranges and 1.0 and 5 per 1000 t of agricultural and industrial products served:

What are the various requirements of an ideal highway alignment? Explain briefly.

Discuss the general principles in the re-alignment of a highway and explain how the work is carried out.

A national highway passing through a rolling terrain in heavy rainfall area has a horizontal curve of radius 500 m. Design the length of transition curve, assuming suitable data.

State the factor on which the overtaking sight depends. Explain briefly.

State the objects of widening pavements on horizontal curve. What are the factors on which the design of widening depends? Explain.

The 15-minute traffic counts on crossroads 1 and 2 during peak hour are observed as 178 and 142 vehicles per lane respectively, approaching the intersection in the direction of heavier traffic flow. If the amber time required are 3 and 2 seconds respectively for load based approach speed, design the signal timings by trial cycle method. Assume an average time headway of 2.5 seconds during green phase.

Explain briefly the modified Hubbard Field method of bituminous mix design.

Explain the desirable properties of aggregate to be used in different types of pavement construction.

Write down the construction steps for water bound macadam road.

With the aid of neat sketches, show the different types of joint and their positions.

Minimum of 8 m width and 2 m wide shoulders on the following roads are recommended

Which of the following statements is correct? According to the principle of road alignment

In the final survey, the centreline stakes are driven at ___ interval in hilly terrain.

The portion of the roadway between outer edges of carriageway and drains in case of cuttings is known as

Maximum camber recommended by IRC is

For highways, width of the formation in plain area is

In steep terrain, ruling gradient is limited to

For finding stopping distance of a vehicle, the height of line of sight of driver and height of line of obstacle on road are taken as ___ respectively.

When a vehicle traces a horizontal curve, it is subjected to centrifugal force in ___ direction.

For designing highways, IRC recommends the coefficient of friction as

Outline and discuss the scope of the highway engineering study.

Briefly discuss the historical development of road construction.