Surveying and Geomatics

The Bowditch method of adjusting a traverse is based on the assumptions that

The temporary adjustments of a prismatic compass are
1. Centering
2. Levelling
3. Focusing the prism
The correct order is

The correction for sag is

Local attraction in compass surveying may exit due to

If the quadrantal bearing of line is $ N25^{\circ}W $ then whole circle bearing of the line is

In a well-conditioned triangle, no angle should be less than $ 30^{\circ} $ and greater than $ 120^{\circ} $

In closed traverse surveying the sum of deflection angle will not be equal to $ 360^{\circ} $

In ___ of remote sensing, the Sun is primary source of energy.

Which of the following is/are elements of visual interpretation?

The lines joining points of equal dip are called

Determine the number of photographs required to cover an area $ 25 \text{ km} \times 25 \text{ km} $ if the scale is 1 in 10,000 and the format is $ 230 \times 230 \text{ mm} $. Take longitudinal lap as 60% and the side lap as 30%.

What is vertical aerial photograph? With respect to a vertical aerial photograph, discuss the following using a suitable diagram:
(i) Principal Point
(ii) Nadir Point
(iii) Iso-center
(iv) Camera Axis
(v) Principal Line

Explain the difference between
(i) Chain surveying and Compass surveying
(ii) Whole circle bearing system and Reducing bearing system
(iii) Vernier Theodolite and Precise Optical Theodolite.

Draw a neat sketch of a vernier theodolite. With the help of the sketch, explain the various parts of vernier theodolite.

Two straight lines intersect at chainage 1150.50, and the angle of intersection is $ 60^{\circ} $. If the radius of the curve is 500 m, determine
(i) Tangent distance
(ii) Length of the curve
(iii) Chainages of point of curvature and tangency
(iv) Length of the long chord
(v) Degree of curve
(vi) Apex distance and the mid-ordinates

Explain the resection after orientation by
(i) Two points problem
(ii) Three points problem

Define the following terms:
(i) Traverse
(ii) True meridian
(iii) Declination
(iv) Dip

The bearing observed in traversing with a compass at G.E.C. Nawada where local attraction was suspected are given below:
Line AB: Fore Bearing $ 134^{\circ}30' $, Back Bearing $ 314^{\circ}30' $
Line BC: Fore Bearing $ 120^{\circ}00' $, Back Bearing $ 299^{\circ}30' $
Line CD: Fore Bearing $ 320^{\circ}00' $, Back Bearing $ 185^{\circ}30' $
Line DA: Fore Bearing $ 265^{\circ}00' $, Back Bearing $ 83^{\circ}30' $
Find the corrected bearing of the lines. At what stations do you suspect local attraction?

Describe various applications of remote sensing in the field of civil engineering with suitable examples.

What are the different methods of GPS surveying? Explain any one of them in details.

What are the different types of waves used in EDM? What are the principles of EDM?

Discuss in brief digital image processing process. What are the advantages of digital image processing?

Briefly explain the different methods adopting in levelling. Explain with neat sketch.

The staff reading taken on a staff held at distance of 80 m from the instrument with the bubble central was 1.455 m. When the bubble is moved 6 divisions out of the centre, the staff reading observed is 1.487 m. If the length of one division is 2 mm. Find the radius of curvature and sensitivity of the tube.

A line was measured with a steel tape which was exactly 30 m at a temperature of $ 30^{\circ}C $ and a pull of 20 kg. The measured length was 1950 m. The temperature during measurement was $ 40^{\circ}C $ and the pull applied was 25 kg. Find the true length of the line if the area of cross-section of the tape is $ 2.5 \text{ mm}^2 $. The coefficient of thermal expansion of material of the tape and modulus of elasticity of the materials are given as standard.

Determine the length of the line given the true area conditions.

The Bowditch method of adjusting a traverse is based on the assumptions that

The temporary adjustments of a prismatic compass are
1. Centering
2. Levelling
3. Focusing the prism
The correct order is

The correction for sag is

Local attraction in compass surveying may exit due to

If the quadrantal bearing of line is $ N25^{\circ}W $ then whole circle bearing of the line is

In a well-conditioned triangle, no angle should be less than $ 30^{\circ} $ and greater than $ 120^{\circ} $

In closed traverse surveying the sum of deflection angle will not be equal to $ 360^{\circ} $

In ___ of remote sensing, the Sun is primary source of energy.

Which of the following is/are elements of visual interpretation?

The lines joining points of equal dip are called

Determine the number of photographs required to cover an area $ 25 \text{ km} \times 25 \text{ km} $ if the scale is 1 in 10,000 and the format is $ 230 \times 230 \text{ mm} $. Take longitudinal lap as 60% and the side lap as 30%.

What is vertical aerial photograph? With respect to a vertical aerial photograph, discuss the following using a suitable diagram:
(i) Principal Point
(ii) Nadir Point
(iii) Iso-center
(iv) Camera Axis
(v) Principal Line

Explain the difference between
(i) Chain surveying and Compass surveying
(ii) Whole circle bearing system and Reducing bearing system
(iii) Vernier Theodolite and Precise Optical Theodolite.

Draw a neat sketch of a vernier theodolite. With the help of the sketch, explain the various parts of vernier theodolite.

Two straight lines intersect at chainage 1150.50, and the angle of intersection is $ 60^{\circ} $. If the radius of the curve is 500 m, determine
(i) Tangent distance
(ii) Length of the curve
(iii) Chainages of point of curvature and tangency
(iv) Length of the long chord
(v) Degree of curve
(vi) Apex distance and the mid-ordinates

Explain the resection after orientation by
(i) Two points problem
(ii) Three points problem

Define the following terms:
(i) Traverse
(ii) True meridian
(iii) Declination
(iv) Dip

The bearing observed in traversing with a compass at G.E.C. Nawada where local attraction was suspected are given below:
Line AB: Fore Bearing $ 134^{\circ}30' $, Back Bearing $ 314^{\circ}30' $
Line BC: Fore Bearing $ 120^{\circ}00' $, Back Bearing $ 299^{\circ}30' $
Line CD: Fore Bearing $ 320^{\circ}00' $, Back Bearing $ 185^{\circ}30' $
Line DA: Fore Bearing $ 265^{\circ}00' $, Back Bearing $ 83^{\circ}30' $
Find the corrected bearing of the lines. At what stations do you suspect local attraction?

Describe various applications of remote sensing in the field of civil engineering with suitable examples.

What are the different methods of GPS surveying? Explain any one of them in details.

What are the different types of waves used in EDM? What are the principles of EDM?

Discuss in brief digital image processing process. What are the advantages of digital image processing?

Briefly explain the different methods adopting in levelling. Explain with neat sketch.

The staff reading taken on a staff held at distance of 80 m from the instrument with the bubble central was 1.455 m. When the bubble is moved 6 divisions out of the centre, the staff reading observed is 1.487 m. If the length of one division is 2 mm. Find the radius of curvature and sensitivity of the tube.

A line was measured with a steel tape which was exactly 30 m at a temperature of $ 30^{\circ}C $ and a pull of 20 kg. The measured length was 1950 m. The temperature during measurement was $ 40^{\circ}C $ and the pull applied was 25 kg. Find the true length of the line if the area of cross-section of the tape is $ 2.5 \text{ mm}^2 $. The coefficient of thermal expansion of material of the tape and modulus of elasticity of the materials are given as standard.

Determine the length of the line given the true area conditions.

The bearing $ S25^{\circ}W $ is following whole circle bearing

The horizontal angle between the true meridian and magnetic meridian is known as

Which one of the following is not a method of plane tabling?

After setting up a levelling instrument, the first site to be taken as

For a well-conditioned triangle, no angle should be less than

Local attraction in compass surveying may exist due to

Which one of the following factors does not affect the scale of the aerial photographs?

The altitudinal distance of a geostationary satellite from the earth is about

Which comparison of EDM and GPS processes is correct?

Explain the effects of curvature and refraction in levelling.

The following consecutive staff readings (in meters) were taken on pegs at 15 m interval on a continuously sloping ground: 0.895, 1.305, 2.800, 1.960, 2.690, 3.255, 2.125, 2.830, 3.455, 3.896, 1.680, 2.050 (Station A). RL of station A where the reading 2.050 was taken is known to be 50.250. From the last position of the instrument two stations B and C with RL 50.800 and 51.000 respectively are to be established without disturbing the instrument. Work out the staff reading at B and C, and complete all the work in level book form.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of plane table surveying over other methods of surveying.

The following offsets were taken from a chain line to hedge:
Distance (in m): 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120, 160, 220, 280
Offset (in m): 9.4, 10.8, 13.6, 11.2, 9.6, 8.4, 7.5, 6.3, 4.6
Compute the area included between the chain line, the hedge and the offset by (i) mid-ordinate rule, (ii) average ordinate rule, (iii) Simpson's rule and (iv) trapezoidal rule.

Explain the methods of horizontal angle measurement using theodolite.

What are different types of arrangements used in triangulation? What are their relative advantages and disadvantages?

Find the RL of the top of a chimney from the following data:
Inst. station A: Reading on BM 1.265, Angle of elevation $ 18^{\circ}34'20'' $
Inst. station B: Reading on BM 1.625, Angle of elevation $ 10^{\circ}12'40'' $
RL of BM = 242.830 m, Distance AB = 60 m. Stations A and B and the top of the chimney are in the same vertical plane.

Two straight lines intersect at chainage of 1050.50 m and the angle of intersection is $ 60^{\circ} $. If the radius of the simple circular curve is 500 m, determine (i) tangent distance, (ii) length of the curve, (iii) chainage of points of curvature and tangency, (iv) length of the long chord, (v) degree of curve, (vi) apex distance and (vii) the mid-ordinate.

A vertical curve is to be set out by pegs at 30 m interval to connect two uniform gradients of 2.5% and -1.5%. Calculate the length of the curve and reduced levels at first point, end point and summit point of the curve if chainage and reduced levels of the point of intersection are 1250 m and 825.85 m, respectively. Assume rate of change of grade as 0.1% per 30 metres.

Discuss the principle of electronic distance measurement. List down the types of electronic distance measurement instruments. Explain any one of them in detail.

What are the advantages of total station? Discuss the errors in total station survey.

Derive the basic equation for determining the scale of a vertical photograph. A vertical photograph was taken at an altitude of 1800 meters above mean sea level. Determine the datum scale of the photograph with respect to elevation and average scale of the photograph for a terrain lying at elevations of 100 m, 150 m, 170 m and 180 m, if the focal length of the camera is 25 cm.

Explain flight planning in aerial photogrammetry. The scale of an aerial photograph is 1 cm = 100 m. The photograph size is 20 cm x 20 cm. Determine the number of photographs required to cover an area of 100 sq. km, if the longitudinal lap is 60% and the side lap is 30%.

Define GPS and explain various segments of GPS with suitable field applications.

What are the different methods for measurement of position using GPS? Explain any one of them in detail.

What is meant by idealized remote sensing system? Explain all basic components of idealized remote sensing system.

Explain the interaction mechanism of EM radiation with Earth's surface, stating the basic interaction equation.

The bearing $ S25^{\circ}W $ is following whole circle bearing

The horizontal angle between the true meridian and magnetic meridian is known as

Which one of the following is not a method of plane tabling?

After setting up a levelling instrument, the first site to be taken as

For a well-conditioned triangle, no angle should be less than

Local attraction in compass surveying may exist due to

Which one of the following factors does not affect the scale of the aerial photographs?

The altitudinal distance of a geostationary satellite from the earth is about

Which comparison of EDM and GPS processes is correct?

Explain the effects of curvature and refraction in levelling.

The following consecutive staff readings (in meters) were taken on pegs at 15 m interval on a continuously sloping ground: 0.895, 1.305, 2.800, 1.960, 2.690, 3.255, 2.125, 2.830, 3.455, 3.896, 1.680, 2.050 (Station A). RL of station A where the reading 2.050 was taken is known to be 50.250. From the last position of the instrument two stations B and C with RL 50.800 and 51.000 respectively are to be established without disturbing the instrument. Work out the staff reading at B and C, and complete all the work in level book form.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of plane table surveying over other methods of surveying.

The following offsets were taken from a chain line to hedge:
Distance (in m): 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120, 160, 220, 280
Offset (in m): 9.4, 10.8, 13.6, 11.2, 9.6, 8.4, 7.5, 6.3, 4.6
Compute the area included between the chain line, the hedge and the offset by (i) mid-ordinate rule, (ii) average ordinate rule, (iii) Simpson's rule and (iv) trapezoidal rule.

Explain the methods of horizontal angle measurement using theodolite.

What are different types of arrangements used in triangulation? What are their relative advantages and disadvantages?

Find the RL of the top of a chimney from the following data:
Inst. station A: Reading on BM 1.265, Angle of elevation $ 18^{\circ}34'20'' $
Inst. station B: Reading on BM 1.625, Angle of elevation $ 10^{\circ}12'40'' $
RL of BM = 242.830 m, Distance AB = 60 m. Stations A and B and the top of the chimney are in the same vertical plane.

Two straight lines intersect at chainage of 1050.50 m and the angle of intersection is $ 60^{\circ} $. If the radius of the simple circular curve is 500 m, determine (i) tangent distance, (ii) length of the curve, (iii) chainage of points of curvature and tangency, (iv) length of the long chord, (v) degree of curve, (vi) apex distance and (vii) the mid-ordinate.

A vertical curve is to be set out by pegs at 30 m interval to connect two uniform gradients of 2.5% and -1.5%. Calculate the length of the curve and reduced levels at first point, end point and summit point of the curve if chainage and reduced levels of the point of intersection are 1250 m and 825.85 m, respectively. Assume rate of change of grade as 0.1% per 30 metres.

Discuss the principle of electronic distance measurement. List down the types of electronic distance measurement instruments. Explain any one of them in detail.

What are the advantages of total station? Discuss the errors in total station survey.

Derive the basic equation for determining the scale of a vertical photograph. A vertical photograph was taken at an altitude of 1800 meters above mean sea level. Determine the datum scale of the photograph with respect to elevation and average scale of the photograph for a terrain lying at elevations of 100 m, 150 m, 170 m and 180 m, if the focal length of the camera is 25 cm.

Explain flight planning in aerial photogrammetry. The scale of an aerial photograph is 1 cm = 100 m. The photograph size is 20 cm x 20 cm. Determine the number of photographs required to cover an area of 100 sq. km, if the longitudinal lap is 60% and the side lap is 30%.

Define GPS and explain various segments of GPS with suitable field applications.

What are the different methods for measurement of position using GPS? Explain any one of them in detail.

What is meant by idealized remote sensing system? Explain all basic components of idealized remote sensing system.

Explain the interaction mechanism of EM radiation with Earth's surface, stating the basic interaction equation.

On a turning point in levelling operation

Method of repetition for angle measurement can be used in measurement of

Cross-staff is used to set

A negative declination shows that the magnetic meridian is to the

The curvature error and atmospheric refractions are eliminated by

To compute area of a figure bounded by straight lines, the figure is generally converted into a network of

Which one of the following factors does not affect the relief displacement of an object in aerial photographs?

The altitudinal distance of the GPS satellites from the earth is about

Which of the following statements is not correct concerning refraction of the GPS signal in the troposphere?

Discuss different types of levelling with the help of suitable diagram(s).

A dumpy level is set near to station A and the staff readings at A and at the distant station B are 0.95 m and 2.87 m respectively. When the instrument is set near to station B, the staff readings are 0.46 m at A and 1.01 m at B. If AB is 300 m, then determine the collimation error in degrees. Also by assuming a reasonable value of radius of earth, estimate the curvature error.

What are different types of bearing? Discuss the method of converting a whole circle bearing to reduced bearing.

Discuss the different instruments used in plane table surveying. Also explain the method of intersection in plane table surveying.

Explain the temporary adjustments for angle measurement using Vernier theodolite.

What do you mean by baseline in triangulation? Explain in detail method to set out the baseline.

Two stations A and B at 90 km apart have elevation of 190 m and 980 m respectively. If the elevation of a peak P at a distance 37 km from A is 280 m, then using Captain McCaw's method find out whether stations A and B are inter-visible or not.

Draw a neat diagram of a simple circular curve. With the help of the diagram, explain the various elements of simple circular curve.

Two tangents intersect at the chainage of 2000 m, the deflection angle being $ 36^{\circ} $. Calculate all the data necessary for setting out a circular curve with radius of 300 m by deflection angle method. The peg interval is 30 m.

Differentiate between Geodimeter and Tellurometer. What are different factors that affect the accuracy of distance measurement using EDM instruments?

Discuss the basic components of a total station. Discuss in detail about the different applications of total station for civil engineering projects.

What is vertical aerial photograph? With respect to a vertical aerial photograph, discuss the following using a suitable diagram: (i) Principal Point (ii) Principal Line (iii) Isocentre (iv) Camera Axis (v) Nadir Point

A tower was identified on a vertical photograph and the radial distance between its top and its bottom was measured to be 15 mm. The photo-coordinates of top of the displaced tower are $ x_a = 45 \text{ mm} $ and $ y_a = 72 \text{ mm} $. The focal length used to take this photograph is 305 mm. If the flying height of the aircraft is 1500 m above the mean sea level (MSL) and the base of the building is 400 m above MSL, how tall is the building?

What do you understand by GPS? How is it helpful in mapping of a region?

What are the different methods for GPS surveying? Explain any one of them in detail.

Describe various applications of remote sensing in the field of civil engineering with suitable examples.

Discuss in brief the digital image processing process. What are the advantages of digital image processing?

On a turning point in levelling operation

Method of repetition for angle measurement can be used in measurement of

Cross-staff is used to set

A negative declination shows that the magnetic meridian is to the

The curvature error and atmospheric refractions are eliminated by

To compute area of a figure bounded by straight lines, the figure is generally converted into a network of

Which one of the following factors does not affect the relief displacement of an object in aerial photographs?

The altitudinal distance of the GPS satellites from the earth is about

Which of the following statements is not correct concerning refraction of the GPS signal in the troposphere?

Discuss different types of levelling with the help of suitable diagram(s).

A dumpy level is set near to station A and the staff readings at A and at the distant station B are 0.95 m and 2.87 m respectively. When the instrument is set near to station B, the staff readings are 0.46 m at A and 1.01 m at B. If AB is 300 m, then determine the collimation error in degrees. Also by assuming a reasonable value of radius of earth, estimate the curvature error.

What are different types of bearing? Discuss the method of converting a whole circle bearing to reduced bearing.

Discuss the different instruments used in plane table surveying. Also explain the method of intersection in plane table surveying.

Explain the temporary adjustments for angle measurement using Vernier theodolite.

What do you mean by baseline in triangulation? Explain in detail method to set out the baseline.

Two stations A and B at 90 km apart have elevation of 190 m and 980 m respectively. If the elevation of a peak P at a distance 37 km from A is 280 m, then using Captain McCaw's method find out whether stations A and B are inter-visible or not.

Draw a neat diagram of a simple circular curve. With the help of the diagram, explain the various elements of simple circular curve.

Two tangents intersect at the chainage of 2000 m, the deflection angle being $ 36^{\circ} $. Calculate all the data necessary for setting out a circular curve with radius of 300 m by deflection angle method. The peg interval is 30 m.

Differentiate between Geodimeter and Tellurometer. What are different factors that affect the accuracy of distance measurement using EDM instruments?

Discuss the basic components of a total station. Discuss in detail about the different applications of total station for civil engineering projects.

What is vertical aerial photograph? With respect to a vertical aerial photograph, discuss the following using a suitable diagram: (i) Principal Point (ii) Principal Line (iii) Isocentre (iv) Camera Axis (v) Nadir Point

A tower was identified on a vertical photograph and the radial distance between its top and its bottom was measured to be 15 mm. The photo-coordinates of top of the displaced tower are $ x_a = 45 \text{ mm} $ and $ y_a = 72 \text{ mm} $. The focal length used to take this photograph is 305 mm. If the flying height of the aircraft is 1500 m above the mean sea level (MSL) and the base of the building is 400 m above MSL, how tall is the building?

What do you understand by GPS? How is it helpful in mapping of a region?

What are the different methods for GPS surveying? Explain any one of them in detail.

Describe various applications of remote sensing in the field of civil engineering with suitable examples.

Discuss in brief the digital image processing process. What are the advantages of digital image processing?