Instructions:
- The marks are indicated in the right-hand margin.
- There are NINE questions in this paper.
- Attempt FIVE questions in all.
- Question No. 1 is compulsory.
Q.1 Choose the correct option/answer of the following (Any seven question
only):
In the hydrological cycle the average residence time of water in the global
The double mass curve technique is adopted to
An Isohyet is a line joining points having
Which instrument is used for measurement of Evapotranspiration?
A hydrograph is a plot of
The total rainfall in a catchment of area $ 1200 \, km^2 $ during a 6-h storm is 16 cm while the surface runoff due to the storm is $ 1.2 \times 10^3 \, m^3 $. The $ \phi $-index is
The discharge per unit drawdown at the well is known as
The relationship between the duty D in hectare/cumec, the water depth $ \Delta $ in centimetre, and base period B in days, is given by:
The Garret's diagrams are based on:
During the maintenance of an earthen dam, the apparent seepage through the foundation of the dam is best taken care of, by providing:
Q.2 Solve both questions:
Differentiate between: (i) confined and unconfined aquifer and (ii) aquiclude and aquitard.
A 20 cm diameter well fully penetrates a confined aquifer of thickness 25 m when the well is pumped at a 200 litres/minute. The steady state drawdown in two observation wells located at 10 m and 100 m distance from pumping well are found to be 3.5 m and 0.05 m, respectively. Calculate the permeability and transmissivity of the aquifer.
Q.3 Solve both questions:
Explain evapotranspiration and factors affecting evapotranspiration.
A storm with a 15 cm precipitation produces a direct runoff of 8.7 cm. The time distribution of storm is as follows:
| Time from start (in hrs) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall in each hr (cm) | 0.6 | 1.35 | 2.25 | 3.45 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 0.75 |
Estimate the value of $ \phi $-index for the storm.
Q.4 Solve both questions:
Describe the salient characteristics of precipitation in India.
The normal annual precipitation of five raingauge stations P, Q, R, S and T are respectively 125 cm, 102 cm, 76 cm, 113 cm, and 137 cm. During a particular storm, the precipitation recorded by stations P, Q, R and S are 13.2 cm, 9.2 cm, 6.8 cm and 10.2 cm respectively. The instrument at station T was inoperative during that storm. Estimate the rainfall at station T during that storm.
Q.5 Solve both questions:
Discuss in brief various methods of surface irrigation.
A sandy loam soil holds water at 140 mm/m depth between field capacity and permanent wilting point. The root depth of the crop is 30 cm and the allowable depletion of water is 35%. The daily water use by the crop is 5 mm/day. The area to be irrigated is 60 hectare and water can be delivered at 28 litre per second. The surface irrigation application efficiency is 40%. There are no rainfall and ground water contribution. Determine i) allowable depletion depth between irrigations; ii) frequency of irrigation; iii) net application depth of water and iv) volume of water required.
Q.6 Solve all questions:
Define Paleo Irrigation and Kor Watering.
Define Sprinkle Irrigation and Furrow Irrigation.
A water course has a culturable command area of 5000 hectare out of which intensities of perennial sugarcane and rice crop are 25% and 50% respectively. The Duty of these crops at the head of water course are 1000 hectare/cumecs and 1500 hectare/cumecs respectively. Find the discharge required if the peak demand is 125% of the average requirement.
Q.7 Solve both questions:
What is meant by canal lining and also discuss its advantages?
A watershed has five non-recording rain gauges, installed in its area. The amount of rainfall recorded for one of the years is given below:
| Rain Gauge Stations | P | Q | R | S | T |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual Rainfall in cm | 100 | 120 | 190 | 125 | 95 |
Find the required optimum number of non-recording and recording rain gauges for this watershed. Assume an error of 10% in the estimation of mean rainfall.
Q.8 Solve both questions:
Explain the forces acting on the gravity dam.
Explain the causes and effects of waterlogging.
Q.9 Solve both questions:
Discuss in detail the application of unit hydrograph.
Following are the ordinates of a storm hydrograph of a river draining a catchment area of $ 423 \, Km^2 $ due to a 6-h isolated storm. Derive the ordinates of a 6-h unit hydrograph for the catchment.
| Time from start (h) | 0 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 30 | 36 | 42 | 48 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discharge $ (m^3/s) $ | 10 | 30 | 87.5 | 115.5 | 102.5 | 85 | 71 | 59 | 47.5 |
| Time from start (h) | 54 | 60 | 66 | 72 | 78 | 84 | 90 | 96 | 102 |
| Discharge $ (m^3/s) $ | 39 | 31.5 | 26 | 21.5 | 17.5 | 15 | 12.5 | 12 | 12 |
Instructions:
- The marks are indicated in the right-hand margin.
- There are NINE questions in this paper.
- Attempt FIVE questions in all.
- Question No. 1 is compulsory.
Q.1 Choose the correct option/answer of the following (Any seven question
only):
In the hydrological cycle the average residence time of water in the global
The double mass curve technique is adopted to
An Isohyet is a line joining points having
Which instrument is used for measurement of Evapotranspiration?
A hydrograph is a plot of
The total rainfall in a catchment of area $ 1200 \, km^2 $ during a 6-h storm is 16 cm while the surface runoff due to the storm is $ 1.2 \times 10^3 \, m^3 $. The $ \phi $-index is
The discharge per unit drawdown at the well is known as
The relationship between the duty D in hectare/cumec, the water depth $ \Delta $ in centimetre, and base period B in days, is given by:
The Garret's diagrams are based on:
During the maintenance of an earthen dam, the apparent seepage through the foundation of the dam is best taken care of, by providing:
Q.2 Solve both questions:
Differentiate between: (i) confined and unconfined aquifer and (ii) aquiclude and aquitard.
A 20 cm diameter well fully penetrates a confined aquifer of thickness 25 m when the well is pumped at a 200 litres/minute. The steady state drawdown in two observation wells located at 10 m and 100 m distance from pumping well are found to be 3.5 m and 0.05 m, respectively. Calculate the permeability and transmissivity of the aquifer.
Q.3 Solve both questions:
Explain evapotranspiration and factors affecting evapotranspiration.
A storm with a 15 cm precipitation produces a direct runoff of 8.7 cm. The time distribution of storm is as follows:
| Time from start (in hrs) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall in each hr (cm) | 0.6 | 1.35 | 2.25 | 3.45 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 0.75 |
Estimate the value of $ \phi $-index for the storm.
Q.4 Solve both questions:
Describe the salient characteristics of precipitation in India.
The normal annual precipitation of five raingauge stations P, Q, R, S and T are respectively 125 cm, 102 cm, 76 cm, 113 cm, and 137 cm. During a particular storm, the precipitation recorded by stations P, Q, R and S are 13.2 cm, 9.2 cm, 6.8 cm and 10.2 cm respectively. The instrument at station T was inoperative during that storm. Estimate the rainfall at station T during that storm.
Q.5 Solve both questions:
Discuss in brief various methods of surface irrigation.
A sandy loam soil holds water at 140 mm/m depth between field capacity and permanent wilting point. The root depth of the crop is 30 cm and the allowable depletion of water is 35%. The daily water use by the crop is 5 mm/day. The area to be irrigated is 60 hectare and water can be delivered at 28 litre per second. The surface irrigation application efficiency is 40%. There are no rainfall and ground water contribution. Determine i) allowable depletion depth between irrigations; ii) frequency of irrigation; iii) net application depth of water and iv) volume of water required.
Q.6 Solve all questions:
Define Paleo Irrigation and Kor Watering.
Define Sprinkle Irrigation and Furrow Irrigation.
A water course has a culturable command area of 5000 hectare out of which intensities of perennial sugarcane and rice crop are 25% and 50% respectively. The Duty of these crops at the head of water course are 1000 hectare/cumecs and 1500 hectare/cumecs respectively. Find the discharge required if the peak demand is 125% of the average requirement.
Q.7 Solve both questions:
What is meant by canal lining and also discuss its advantages?
A watershed has five non-recording rain gauges, installed in its area. The amount of rainfall recorded for one of the years is given below:
| Rain Gauge Stations | P | Q | R | S | T |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual Rainfall in cm | 100 | 120 | 190 | 125 | 95 |
Find the required optimum number of non-recording and recording rain gauges for this watershed. Assume an error of 10% in the estimation of mean rainfall.
Q.8 Solve both questions:
Explain the forces acting on the gravity dam.
Explain the causes and effects of waterlogging.
Q.9 Solve both questions:
Discuss in detail the application of unit hydrograph.
Following are the ordinates of a storm hydrograph of a river draining a catchment area of $ 423 \, Km^2 $ due to a 6-h isolated storm. Derive the ordinates of a 6-h unit hydrograph for the catchment.
| Time from start (h) | 0 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 30 | 36 | 42 | 48 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discharge $ (m^3/s) $ | 10 | 30 | 87.5 | 115.5 | 102.5 | 85 | 71 | 59 | 47.5 |
| Time from start (h) | 54 | 60 | 66 | 72 | 78 | 84 | 90 | 96 | 102 |
| Discharge $ (m^3/s) $ | 39 | 31.5 | 26 | 21.5 | 17.5 | 15 | 12.5 | 12 | 12 |