Digital Communication

The sampling theorem is essential to avoid which problem?

In Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), multiple signals share:

Which modulation technique is most commonly used in CDMA?

In Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the information is carried by:

What does the signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) measure?

Which line coding technique uses zero crossing for binary '1' and '0'?

Which of the following is true for Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM)?

A matched filter maximizes which of the following?

Inter-symbol interference (ISI) primarily occurs due to:

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulates which signal characteristic?

State and prove the sampling theorem. Why is it important in digital communication systems?

Explain the working principle of Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) and how it differs from standard PSK.

A signal is encoded using 8-bit PCM. Calculate the data rate if the signal is sampled at 8 kHz. What will be the data rate for 16-bit PCM at the same sampling rate?

Derive the expression for the probability of error in a matched filter receiver.

Discuss the concept of a baseband signal receiver and the factors affecting the probability of error in digital communication systems.

Explain the process of quantization in a digital communication system. Differentiate between uniform and non-uniform quantization.

A QPSK system transmits at a data rate of 2 Mbps. If the noise power spectral density is $ 0.5 \mu W/Hz $ and the signal power is 1 mW, calculate the bit error rate (BER) of the system.

Discuss the principles of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and how it differs from TDM and FDM.

Derive the Nyquist criterion for zero ISI. Explain how this criterion ensures distortion-free transmission.

Describe the block diagram of a digital communication system and function of each block.

What is aliasing? Explain the causes of aliasing and how it can be avoided in digital communication systems.

Discuss the various types of line coding techniques used in digital communication. Compare unipolar, polar, and bipolar schemes.

Explain Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), and Phase Shift Keying (PSK) with waveform examples.

What is Minimum Shift Keying (MSK)? Explain its advantages over FSK and other digital modulation techniques.

(a) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA).

(b) Matched filter.

(c) Coherent reception & Non-Coherent reception.

(d) Advantages of Digital communication system over Analog communication systems.

The sampling theorem is essential to avoid which problem?

In Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), multiple signals share:

Which modulation technique is most commonly used in CDMA?

In Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the information is carried by:

What does the signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) measure?

Which line coding technique uses zero crossing for binary '1' and '0'?

Which of the following is true for Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM)?

A matched filter maximizes which of the following?

Inter-symbol interference (ISI) primarily occurs due to:

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulates which signal characteristic?

State and prove the sampling theorem. Why is it important in digital communication systems?

Explain the working principle of Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) and how it differs from standard PSK.

A signal is encoded using 8-bit PCM. Calculate the data rate if the signal is sampled at 8 kHz. What will be the data rate for 16-bit PCM at the same sampling rate?

Derive the expression for the probability of error in a matched filter receiver.

Discuss the concept of a baseband signal receiver and the factors affecting the probability of error in digital communication systems.

Explain the process of quantization in a digital communication system. Differentiate between uniform and non-uniform quantization.

A QPSK system transmits at a data rate of 2 Mbps. If the noise power spectral density is $ 0.5 \mu W/Hz $ and the signal power is 1 mW, calculate the bit error rate (BER) of the system.

Discuss the principles of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and how it differs from TDM and FDM.

Derive the Nyquist criterion for zero ISI. Explain how this criterion ensures distortion-free transmission.

Describe the block diagram of a digital communication system and function of each block.

What is aliasing? Explain the causes of aliasing and how it can be avoided in digital communication systems.

Discuss the various types of line coding techniques used in digital communication. Compare unipolar, polar, and bipolar schemes.

Explain Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), and Phase Shift Keying (PSK) with waveform examples.

What is Minimum Shift Keying (MSK)? Explain its advantages over FSK and other digital modulation techniques.

(a) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA).

(b) Matched filter.

(c) Coherent reception & Non-Coherent reception.

(d) Advantages of Digital communication system over Analog communication systems.

Describe the non-coherent detection of M-ary FSK signal.

What are the differences between analog and digital modulation techniques?

Differentiate between wide sense stationary and strict sense stationary random processes.

How is source coding different from channel coding?

What is signal space?

What are baseband signalling and pass-band signalling?

Discuss BPSK modulator.

What is the difference between DPCM and DM?

(a) Discuss differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) with the help of neat sketches of modulation and demodulation.

(b) Binary data is transmitted over a telephone line with usable bandwidth of 2400 Hz using the FSK signalling scheme. The transmit frequencies are 2025 Hz and 2225 Hz, and the data rate is 300 bits/sec. The average signal-to-noise power ratio at the output of the channel is 6 dB. Calculate $ P_{e} $ for the coherent and non-coherent demodulation schemes.

Explain the basic principle of M-ary PSK signalling and M-ary FSK signalling for data transmission over bandpass channel. Determine the probability of error of a QPSK receiver in the presence of channel noise. Mention the advantages of QPSK signalling and MSK signalling.

Explain the importance of companding technique.

Explain the role of equalizer in communication system.

Binary data is to be transmitted over a microwave channel at a rate of $ \beta(10^{6}) $ bits/sec. Assuming the channel noise to be white Gaussian with a PSD $ \eta/2=10^{-14} $ watt/Hz. Find the power and bandwidth requirements of 4-phase PSK and 16-tone FSK signalling schemes to maintain an error probability of $ 10^{-4} $.

Compare the average power requirements of binary non-coherent ASK, coherent PSK, DPSK and non-coherent FSK signalling schemes operating at a data rate of 1000 bits/sec over a bandpass channel having a bandwidth of 3000 Hz, $ \eta/2=10^{-10} $ watt/Hz and $ P_{o}=10^{-5} $.

Write the advantages and disadvantages of digital communication system.

How are FSK modulation and demodulation done? Explain using block diagrams of modulation and demodulation.

A high frequency transmitter used in a binary communication system is peak power limited to 1 kW. The power loss in the channel is 60 dB and the noise power at the receiver input $ (\eta r_{b}) $ is $ 10^{-4} $ watt. Assuming maximum signalling rate and equiprobable message bits, find $ P_{a} $ for non-coherent ASK and coherent PSK signalling schemes.

A matched filter has the frequency response $ H(f)=\frac{1-e^{-j2\pi f}}{j2\pi f} $
(i) Determine the impulse response $ h(t) $ corresponding to $ H(f) $.
(ii) Determine the signal waveform to which the filter characteristic is matched.

Explain Inter Symbol Interference (ISI). Discuss its causes and techniques to reduce it.

Draw spectrum and calculate transmission bandwidth of a standard BPSK signal. Consider bit period equal to 0.1 msec and a carrier frequency of 100 kHz. Carrier is sinusoidal.

Two quadrature carriers $ \cos~2\pi f_{c}t $ and $ \sin 2\pi f_{c}t $ are used to transmit digital information through an AWGN channel at two different data rates, 10 kbps and 100 kbps. Determine the relative amplitudes of the signals for the two carriers so that $ \epsilon_{b}/N_{0} $ for the two channels is identical.

(a) Delta modulation

(b) Fading and its reduction in wireless digital communication

Describe the non-coherent detection of M-ary FSK signal.

What are the differences between analog and digital modulation techniques?

Differentiate between wide sense stationary and strict sense stationary random processes.

How is source coding different from channel coding?

What is signal space?

What are baseband signalling and pass-band signalling?

Discuss BPSK modulator.

What is the difference between DPCM and DM?

(a) Discuss differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) with the help of neat sketches of modulation and demodulation.

(b) Binary data is transmitted over a telephone line with usable bandwidth of 2400 Hz using the FSK signalling scheme. The transmit frequencies are 2025 Hz and 2225 Hz, and the data rate is 300 bits/sec. The average signal-to-noise power ratio at the output of the channel is 6 dB. Calculate $ P_{e} $ for the coherent and non-coherent demodulation schemes.

Explain the basic principle of M-ary PSK signalling and M-ary FSK signalling for data transmission over bandpass channel. Determine the probability of error of a QPSK receiver in the presence of channel noise. Mention the advantages of QPSK signalling and MSK signalling.

Explain the importance of companding technique.

Explain the role of equalizer in communication system.

Binary data is to be transmitted over a microwave channel at a rate of $ \beta(10^{6}) $ bits/sec. Assuming the channel noise to be white Gaussian with a PSD $ \eta/2=10^{-14} $ watt/Hz. Find the power and bandwidth requirements of 4-phase PSK and 16-tone FSK signalling schemes to maintain an error probability of $ 10^{-4} $.

Compare the average power requirements of binary non-coherent ASK, coherent PSK, DPSK and non-coherent FSK signalling schemes operating at a data rate of 1000 bits/sec over a bandpass channel having a bandwidth of 3000 Hz, $ \eta/2=10^{-10} $ watt/Hz and $ P_{o}=10^{-5} $.

Write the advantages and disadvantages of digital communication system.

How are FSK modulation and demodulation done? Explain using block diagrams of modulation and demodulation.

A high frequency transmitter used in a binary communication system is peak power limited to 1 kW. The power loss in the channel is 60 dB and the noise power at the receiver input $ (\eta r_{b}) $ is $ 10^{-4} $ watt. Assuming maximum signalling rate and equiprobable message bits, find $ P_{a} $ for non-coherent ASK and coherent PSK signalling schemes.

A matched filter has the frequency response $ H(f)=\frac{1-e^{-j2\pi f}}{j2\pi f} $
(i) Determine the impulse response $ h(t) $ corresponding to $ H(f) $.
(ii) Determine the signal waveform to which the filter characteristic is matched.

Explain Inter Symbol Interference (ISI). Discuss its causes and techniques to reduce it.

Draw spectrum and calculate transmission bandwidth of a standard BPSK signal. Consider bit period equal to 0.1 msec and a carrier frequency of 100 kHz. Carrier is sinusoidal.

Two quadrature carriers $ \cos~2\pi f_{c}t $ and $ \sin 2\pi f_{c}t $ are used to transmit digital information through an AWGN channel at two different data rates, 10 kbps and 100 kbps. Determine the relative amplitudes of the signals for the two carriers so that $ \epsilon_{b}/N_{0} $ for the two channels is identical.

(a) Delta modulation

(b) Fading and its reduction in wireless digital communication