Analysis and Design of Concrete Structure

The maximum area of tension reinforcement in beams shall not exceed-

Longitudinal bars diameter in column design should never be less than-

RCC columns is treated as long if its slenderness ratio is greater than-

An RCC beam not given shear reinforcement may lead to development of crack in its bottom inclined roughly to the horizontal at-

The recommended imposed load on staircase in residential building as per IS 875 is:

The modular ratio for M20 grade of concrete is:

The minimum clear cover for RCC column shall be

Define partial safety factor.

What is SP-16?

What are Imposed loads on building?

Distinguish between working stress and limit state method of design of RCC structure.

Describe briefly about under-reinforced, balanced and over reinforced sections.

Explain how the shear reinforcement improves the strength of beam?

Find the moment of resistance of a singly reinforced concrete beam of 200 mm width and 400 mm effective depth, reinforced with 4 bars of 16 mm diameter of Fe415 steel. Take M20 concrete. Use IS code method.

Explain how neutral axis is located in T-beam sections (at the ultimate limit state) given that it lies outside the flange.

A rectangular reinforced concrete beam located inside a building in coastal town, is simply supported on two 230 mm thick and 6 m apart masonry walls. The beam has to carry, in addition to its own weight a distributed live load of 10 kN/m and a dead load of $ 5 \, kN/m $. Design the beam section for maximum moment at midspan. Assume Fe415 steel.

Design a one way slab, with a clear span of 4 m, simply supported on 230 mm thick masonry walls, and subjected to a live load of $ 4 \, kN/m^2 $ and surface finish of $ 1 \, kN/m^2 $. Assume Fe 415 steel. Assume that the slab is subjected to moderate exposure condition.

Design the reinforcement in a column of size 450 mm X 600 mm, subject to an axial load of 2000 kN under the service dead and live loads. The column has an unsupported length of 3 m and is braced against sideway in both the direction. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

Design a reinforced concrete footing to support a rectangular column of dimensions 300mm x 600mm and subjected to an axial service load 1200 kN at the ground level. The allowable bearing capacity of the underlying soil is $ 180 \, kN/m^2 $ and the footing is at 1.75m below the ground level. Also show full details of dimensions and reinforcement of the footing.

Design and detail a dog-legged stair for an office building for the following data: Clear height between floors = 3.2m, Rise = 160mm, Tread = 270mm width of flight = 1.25m, Landing width = 1.25m Live load = $ 5 \, kN/m^2 $, Load of finish = $ 1 \, kN/m^2 $. Assume the stair to be supported on 230mm thick masonry wall at the outer edges of landing, parallel to the risers. Assume M20 concrete, Fe415 steel and Mild exposure condition. Perform all necessary checks.

Explain the procedure for flexural crack width estimation of reinforced concrete member as per IS 456.

The maximum area of tension reinforcement in beams shall not exceed-

Longitudinal bars diameter in column design should never be less than-

RCC columns is treated as long if its slenderness ratio is greater than-

An RCC beam not given shear reinforcement may lead to development of crack in its bottom inclined roughly to the horizontal at-

The recommended imposed load on staircase in residential building as per IS 875 is:

The modular ratio for M20 grade of concrete is:

The minimum clear cover for RCC column shall be

Define partial safety factor.

What is SP-16?

What are Imposed loads on building?

Distinguish between working stress and limit state method of design of RCC structure.

Describe briefly about under-reinforced, balanced and over reinforced sections.

Explain how the shear reinforcement improves the strength of beam?

Find the moment of resistance of a singly reinforced concrete beam of 200 mm width and 400 mm effective depth, reinforced with 4 bars of 16 mm diameter of Fe415 steel. Take M20 concrete. Use IS code method.

Explain how neutral axis is located in T-beam sections (at the ultimate limit state) given that it lies outside the flange.

A rectangular reinforced concrete beam located inside a building in coastal town, is simply supported on two 230 mm thick and 6 m apart masonry walls. The beam has to carry, in addition to its own weight a distributed live load of 10 kN/m and a dead load of $5 \, kN/m$. Design the beam section for maximum moment at midspan. Assume Fe415 steel.

Design a one way slab, with a clear span of 4 m, simply supported on 230 mm thick masonry walls, and subjected to a live load of $4 \, kN/m^2$ and surface finish of $1 \, kN/m^2$. Assume Fe 415 steel. Assume that the slab is subjected to moderate exposure condition.

Design the reinforcement in a column of size 450 mm X 600 mm, subject to an axial load of 2000 kN under the service dead and live loads. The column has an unsupported length of 3 m and is braced against sideway in both the direction. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

Design a reinforced concrete footing to support a rectangular column of dimensions 300mm x 600mm and subjected to an axial service load 1200 kN at the ground level. The allowable bearing capacity of the underlying soil is $180 \, kN/m^2$ and the footing is at 1.75m below the ground level. Also show full details of dimensions and reinforcement of the footing.

Design and detail a dog-legged stair for an office building for the following data: Clear height between floors = 3.2m, Rise = 160mm, Tread = 270mm width of flight = 1.25m, Landing width = 1.25m Live load = $5 \, kN/m^2$, Load of finish = $1 \, kN/m^2$. Assume the stair to be supported on 230mm thick masonry wall at the outer edges of landing, parallel to the risers. Assume M20 concrete, Fe415 steel and Mild exposure condition. Perform all necessary checks.

Explain the procedure for flexural crack width estimation of reinforced concrete member as per IS 456.

• Define slenderness ratio. What are its implications in the design of RC compression members?
• List the functions of transverse reinforcement in column. Sketch various types of transverse reinforcements commonly used.
• What is bond in reinforced concrete? Define development length and derive an expression for development length.

The characteristic strength of concrete is defined as that compressive strength below which not more than

By controlling the span to depth ratio of beam, which of the following can be controlled

The minimum area of tension steel for Fe415 in the slab as per IS 456:2000 is

As per IS456:2000, the ultimate compressive strain in concrete in bending is assumed as

The material factor of safety for concrete and steel in the limit state method of design are respectively:

A reinforced concrete structure has to be constructed along a seacoast. The minimum grade of concrete to be used as per IS 456:2000 is

In a singly reinforced beam the tensile steel reaches its maximum allowable stress earlier than concrete. Such section is known as

The lateral ties in a reinforced concrete rectangular column under axial compression are used to

To minimize the effect of differential settlement, the area of a footing should be designed for

The modulus of rupture of concrete in terms of its characteristic cube compressive strength $ f_{ck} $ (in MPa) according to IS 456:2000 is

What do you mean by principle of stability?

Distinguish between under reinforced and over reinforce beams.

Enlist and explain various design philosophies for the design of reinforced concrete structure.

Design an isolated footing for a square column, 400 mm x 400 mm, reinforced with 8-20 mm bars and carrying a service load of 2000 kN. Assume soil with a safe bearing capacity of $ 300 \, kN/m^2 $ at a depth of 1.5 m below ground. Assume M25 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel for the footing.

A doubly reinforced concrete beam is 400 mm wide and 600 mm deep to the centre of tensile reinforcement. The compression reinforcement consists of 4 bars of 16 mm diameter, and is placed with its centre at a depth of 40 mm from the top. The tensile reinforcement consists of 4 bars of 20 mm diameter. The section is subjected to a bending moment of 100 kN-m. Determine the stresses in concrete and steel. Take m = 16.

Explain different types of loads and their combination for the design of reinforced concrete structure.

Discuss the role of engineer, architects, user and builder in building planning design and construction.

Design a circular column with helical reinforcement subjected to a working load of 1500 kN. Diameter of the column is 450 mm. The column has unsupported length of 3.5 m and is effectively held in position at both ends but not restrained against rotation. Use limit state design method. Use M25 concrete and HYSD Fe415 steel.

If maximum strain at a highly compressed zone is considered as 0.0025 then the depth of neutral axis for the balanced section will be? Use following data: Width of beam = 250 mm, Overall depth of beam = 400 mm, Effective cover = 50 mm, Area of steel in tension = $ 500 \, mm^2 $. Grade of concrete and steel are M20 and Fe250 respectively.

A reinforced concrete beam of rectangular cross section of breadth 230 mm and effective depth of 400 mm is subjected to a factored shear force of 120 kN. The grade of concrete, main steel and stirrup steel are M20, Fe415 and Fe250 respectively. Area of main steel provided gives, design shear strength of concrete $ (\tau_c) $ as $ 0.48 \, N/mm^2 $. For a limited state of collapse in shear, design shear reinforcement.

A hall has clear dimension 3m x 9m, with wall thickness 230 mm. The live load on the slab is $ 3 \, kN/m^2 $ and finishing load of $ 1 \, kN/m^2 $ may be assumed. Use M20 concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Design the slab.

Determine the moment of resistance a T-section having the following properties: Flange width = 2000 mm, Flange depth = 100 mm, Web width = 250 mm, Effective depth = 750 mm, Area of steel = 8 bars of 20 mm diameter, material used = M25 grade of concrete and Fe415 HYSD bars.

The characteristic strength of concrete is defined as that compressive strength below which not more than

By controlling the span to depth ratio of beam, which of the following can be controlled

The minimum area of tension steel for Fe415 in the slab as per IS 456:2000 is

As per IS456:2000, the ultimate compressive strain in concrete in bending is assumed as

The material factor of safety for concrete and steel in the limit state method of design are respectively:

A reinforced concrete structure has to be constructed along a seacoast. The minimum grade of concrete to be used as per IS 456:2000 is

In a singly reinforced beam the tensile steel reaches its maximum allowable stress earlier than concrete. Such section is known as

The lateral ties in a reinforced concrete rectangular column under axial compression are used to

To minimize the effect of differential settlement, the area of a footing should be designed for

The modulus of rupture of concrete in terms of its characteristic cube compressive strength $ f_{ck} $ (in MPa) according to IS 456:2000 is

What do you mean by principle of stability?

Distinguish between under reinforced and over reinforce beams.

Enlist and explain various design philosophies for the design of reinforced concrete structure.

Design an isolated footing for a square column, 400 mm x 400 mm, reinforced with 8-20 mm bars and carrying a service load of 2000 kN. Assume soil with a safe bearing capacity of $ 300 \, kN/m^2 $ at a depth of 1.5 m below ground. Assume M25 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel for the footing.

A doubly reinforced concrete beam is 400 mm wide and 600 mm deep to the centre of tensile reinforcement. The compression reinforcement consists of 4 bars of 16 mm diameter, and is placed with its centre at a depth of 40 mm from the top. The tensile reinforcement consists of 4 bars of 20 mm diameter. The section is subjected to a bending moment of 100 kN-m. Determine the stresses in concrete and steel. Take m = 16.

Explain different types of loads and their combination for the design of reinforced concrete structure.

Discuss the role of engineer, architects, user and builder in building planning design and construction.

Design a circular column with helical reinforcement subjected to a working load of 1500 kN. Diameter of the column is 450 mm. The column has unsupported length of 3.5 m and is effectively held in position at both ends but not restrained against rotation. Use limit state design method. Use M25 concrete and HYSD Fe415 steel.

If maximum strain at a highly compressed zone is considered as 0.0025 then the depth of neutral axis for the balanced section will be? Use following data: Width of beam = 250 mm, Overall depth of beam = 400 mm, Effective cover = 50 mm, Area of steel in tension = $ 500 \, mm^2 $. Grade of concrete and steel are M20 and Fe250 respectively.

A reinforced concrete beam of rectangular cross section of breadth 230 mm and effective depth of 400 mm is subjected to a factored shear force of 120 kN. The grade of concrete, main steel and stirrup steel are M20, Fe415 and Fe250 respectively. Area of main steel provided gives, design shear strength of concrete $ (\tau_c) $ as $ 0.48 \, N/mm^2 $. For a limited state of collapse in shear, design shear reinforcement.

A hall has clear dimension 3m x 9m, with wall thickness 230 mm. The live load on the slab is $ 3 \, kN/m^2 $ and finishing load of $ 1 \, kN/m^2 $ may be assumed. Use M20 concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Design the slab.

Determine the moment of resistance a T-section having the following properties: Flange width = 2000 mm, Flange depth = 100 mm, Web width = 250 mm, Effective depth = 750 mm, Area of steel = 8 bars of 20 mm diameter, material used = M25 grade of concrete and Fe415 HYSD bars.

In the limit state method, balanced design of a reinforced concrete beam gives the

The bond strength between steel and concrete is due to

The depth of footing for an isolated column is governed by

To minimise the effect of differential settlement, the area of a footing should be designed for

Maximum percentage of reinforcement in case of slabs is limited to

The main reason for providing number of reinforcing bars at a support in a simply supported beam is to resist

When shear stress exceeds the permissible limit in a slab, then it is reduced by

Minimum pitch of transverse reinforcement in a column is

For a simply supported beam of span 15 m, the minimum effective depth to satisfy the vertical deflection limits should be

According to IS: 456, minimum slenderness ratio for a short column is

Discuss the salient features of limit state method. Discuss partial safety factors for loads under limit state of collapse and limit state of serviceability.

What are the different limit states of limit state design philosophy over other design philosophies?

A three-span continuous beam carries a UDL of 35 kN/m under service conditions. The clear span of beam is 4.5 m with support width as 300 mm. Design the beam using M25 grade concrete and Fe500 steel.

Design a slab for a room 3.0 m x 4.0 m clear in size, if the superimposed load is $ 3.0 \, kN/m^2 $. Consider for both the cases with and without corners, free to lift and the edges are simply supported. Use M25 mix and Fe500 grade steel.

Design the reinforcements of a rectangular beam simply supported over a clear span of 4.3 m by limit state method, if the superimposed load is 75 kN at mid-span and each support width is 450 mm. Neglect the self-weight of beam. Use M25 mix and Fe500 grade steel.

Using limit state method, design a reinforced concrete column, 400 mm square, to carry an ultimate load of 1000 kN at an eccentricity of 160 mm. Use M25 mix and Fe415 grade steel.

Explain the codal recommendations for the effective span of the stair slabs with different support conditions of the loadings.

Design a dog-legged staircase located in a stair hall measuring 2.75 m x 4.5 m for a public building. The story of floor-to-floor height is 3.3 m. The service live load on stairs is $ 4.0 \, kN/m^2 $ with the weight of finishes of $ 0.5 \, kN/m^2 $. Adopt riser and tread of 150 mm and 250 mm, respectively. The grades of concrete and steel to be used are M25 and Fe500, respectively.

Write the procedure to design an isolated rectangular footing to carry axial loads and moments.

Design a footing for a 350 mm square column reinforced with 8-20 mm Fe415 grade bars. One side of the footing is restricted to 1.5 m. The gross bearing capacity of the soil is $ 65 \, kN/m^2 $. Assume column concrete as M25 and footing concrete as M20.

In the limit state method, balanced design of a reinforced concrete beam gives the

The bond strength between steel and concrete is due to

The depth of footing for an isolated column is governed by

To minimise the effect of differential settlement, the area of a footing should be designed for

Maximum percentage of reinforcement in case of slabs is limited to

The main reason for providing number of reinforcing bars at a support in a simply supported beam is to resist

When shear stress exceeds the permissible limit in a slab, then it is reduced by

Minimum pitch of transverse reinforcement in a column is

For a simply supported beam of span 15 m, the minimum effective depth to satisfy the vertical deflection limits should be

According to IS: 456, minimum slenderness ratio for a short column is

• Limit state
• Characteristic strength
• Characteristic load
• Modulus of elasticity of concrete
• Stress-strain curve for concrete
• Creep and shrinkage
• Acceptance criteria of concrete

Discuss the salient features of limit state method. Discuss partial safety factors for loads under limit state of collapse and limit state of serviceability.

What are the different limit states of limit state design philosophy over other design philosophies?

A three-span continuous beam carries a UDL of 35 kN/m under service conditions. The clear span of beam is 4.5 m with support width as 300 mm. Design the beam using M25 grade concrete and Fe500 steel.

Design a slab for a room 3.0 m x 4.0 m clear in size, if the superimposed load is $ 3.0 , kN/m^2 $. Consider for both the cases with and without corners, free to lift and the edges are simply supported. Use M25 mix and Fe500 grade steel.

Design the reinforcements of a rectangular beam simply supported over a clear span of 4.3 m by limit state method, if the superimposed load is 75 kN at mid-span and each support width is 450 mm. Neglect the self-weight of beam. Use M25 mix and Fe500 grade steel.

Using limit state method, design a reinforced concrete column, 400 mm square, to carry an ultimate load of 1000 kN at an eccentricity of 160 mm. Use M25 mix and Fe415 grade steel.

Explain the codal recommendations for the effective span of the stair slabs with different support conditions of the loadings.

Design a dog-legged staircase located in a stair hall measuring 2.75 m x 4.5 m for a public building. The story of floor-to-floor height is 3.3 m. The service live load on stairs is $ 4.0 , kN/m^2 $with the weight of finishes of$ 0.5 , kN/m^2 $. Adopt riser and tread of 150 mm and 250 mm, respectively. The grades of concrete and steel to be used are M25 and Fe500, respectively.

Write the procedure to design an isolated rectangular footing to carry axial loads and moments.

Design a footing for a 350 mm square column reinforced with 8-20 mm Fe415 grade bars. One side of the footing is restricted to 1.5 m. The gross bearing capacity of the soil is $65 \, kN/m^2$. Assume column concrete as M25 and footing concrete as M20.

Deflection can be controlled by using the appropriate

The probability of failure implied in limit state design is of the order of

The main reinforcement of an RC slab consists of 10 mm bars @ 100 mm spacing. It is desired to replace 10 mm bars by 12 mm bars, then the spacing of 12 mm bars should be

Flexural collapse in over-reinforced beam is due to

As per IS-456, side face reinforcement, not less than 0.05% of web area, is provided on each side when the depth of web is not less than

Shear span is defined as the zone, where

Lap length of reinforcement in compression shall not be less than

The minimum clear cover (in mm) to the main steel bars in slab, beam, column and footing respectively are

A concrete pedestal made of M-20 concrete is shown in the figure below. The $ \tan \alpha $ value in this case will be

A square column section of size 350 mm x 350 mm is reinforced with four bars of 25 mm and four bars of 16 mm. Then the transverse steel should be

What is principle of stability? Discuss.

A meeting hall is shown in the figure given below. The slab is cast monolithically with beam. The beams are spaced 3.5 m c/c. The slab is 130 mm thick and design for a superimposed working load of $ 6 \, kN/m^2 $. The web of the beam is 300 mm wide. Design beam-B using LSM. If M-25 concrete and Fe-500 grade steel is used, design for flexure as well as shear.

What are different design philosophies for RCC structures. Discuss the merits and demerits of each.

A continuous beam is shown in the figure below. It is supporting a DL of 20 kN/m and LL of 25 kN/m at working loads. Design the end span of the beam for shear and flexure. The width of the beam is 300 mm. Use M-25 concrete and Fe-415 steel.

Discuss how wind and earthquake loads are calculated on structure taking suitable examples.

Design a two-flight staircase with steps on waist slab for floor-to-floor height of 3.6 m. Width of flight is equal to 1.5 m and LL is $ 4 \, kN/m^2 $. The waist slab is simply supported on landing slabs which spans transversely to the flight. Landing slabs are 1.5 m wide. Use M-25 concrete and Fe-415 bars.

Draw the $ P_{u}-M_{u} $ interaction curve for a column and mark all salient points on it. Discuss all points.

Calculate the load carrying capacity of a short axially loaded column 350 mm reinforced with 6 bars of 22 mm of Fe-415 grade. The helical reinforcement consists of 8 mm bars of Fe-415 grade steel at 40 mm pitch. Assume clear cover of 40 mm and grade of concrete M-25.

Design a short axially loaded column carrying an axial working load of 1100 kN and size of column 400 mm x 450 mm. Use M-25 concrete and Fe-415 steel.

A 1.0 m wide cantilever chajja (small balcony) is constructed monolithically with a lintel over an opening 2.0 m wide garage door in a 230 mm thick brick wall (inclusive of plaster). The height of the door is 3.5 m and that of roof is 6.0 m. The weight of brick masonry is $ 19.5 \, kN/m^3 $. The LL on chajja is $ 1.5 \, kN/m^2 $ and the finish load may be taken as $ 0.6 \, kN/m^2 $. Design the chajja and lintel. The materials used are M-20 concrete and Fe-415 steel.

Discuss the behaviour of concrete and HYSD steel under compression and tension.

Design a rectangular column for the following data: Ultimate axial load = 1000 kN; Ultimate moment (about X-axis) at top bisecting depth of column = 30 kN-m; Ultimate moment (about Y-axis) at top bisecting width of column = 10 kN-m; Ultimate moment at bottom about X-axis = 20 kN-m; Ultimate moment at bottom about Y-axis = 10 kN-m; Unsupported length about X-axis = 6 m; Effective length about X-axis = 4.8 m; Unsupported length about Y-axis = 6 m; Effective length about Y-axis = 4.8 m. Width of column = 300 mm. Effective cover = 50 mm. Use M-25 concrete and Fe-415 steel. The column is braced and bends into single curvature. (Sp-16 graphs shall be provided.)

Design a simply supported one-way slab as shown in the figure below. It is subjected to an LL of $ 4 \, kN/m^2 $ and surface finish of $ 1 \, kN/m^2 $. Consider M-25 concrete and Fe-500 steel.

Discuss the role of engineer, architects, user and builder in building planning design and construction.

Design a reinforced concrete square footing for a column of section 400 mm x 400 mm which is subjected to a load of 1200 kN at service state. Consider: Weight to soil = $ 18 \, kN/m^3 $, Angle of repose = $ 30^{\circ} $, Allowable BC of soil = $ 120 \, kN/m^2 $. Use M-25 concrete and Fe-500 steel.

Determine moment of resistance of a beam section 300 mm width and 500 mm effective depth, if it is reinforced by 4-16 mm bars. Consider M-25 concrete and Fe-415 steel.

Deflection can be controlled by using the appropriate

The probability of failure implied in limit state design is of the order of

The main reinforcement of an RC slab consists of 10 mm bars @ 100 mm spacing. It is desired to replace 10 mm bars by 12 mm bars, then the spacing of 12 mm bars should be

Flexural collapse in over-reinforced beam is due to

As per IS-456, side face reinforcement, not less than 0.05% of web area, is provided on each side when the depth of web is not less than

Shear span is defined as the zone, where

Lap length of reinforcement in compression shall not be less than

The minimum clear cover (in mm) to the main steel bars in slab, beam, column and footing respectively are

A concrete pedestal made of M-20 concrete is shown in the figure below. The $ \tan \alpha $ value in this case will be

A square column section of size 350 mm x 350 mm is reinforced with four bars of 25 mm and four bars of 16 mm. Then the transverse steel should be

What is principle of stability? Discuss.

A meeting hall is shown in the figure given below. The slab is cast monolithically with beam. The beams are spaced 3.5 m c/c. The slab is 130 mm thick and design for a superimposed working load of $ 6 \, kN/m^2 $. The web of the beam is 300 mm wide. Design beam-B using LSM. If M-25 concrete and Fe-500 grade steel is used, design for flexure as well as shear.

What are different design philosophies for RCC structures. Discuss the merits and demerits of each.

A continuous beam is shown in the figure below. It is supporting a DL of 20 kN/m and LL of 25 kN/m at working loads. Design the end span of the beam for shear and flexure. The width of the beam is 300 mm. Use M-25 concrete and Fe-415 steel.

Discuss how wind and earthquake loads are calculated on structure taking suitable examples.

Design a two-flight staircase with steps on waist slab for floor-to-floor height of 3.6 m. Width of flight is equal to 1.5 m and LL is $ 4 \, kN/m^2 $. The waist slab is simply supported on landing slabs which spans transversely to the flight. Landing slabs are 1.5 m wide. Use M-25 concrete and Fe-415 bars.

Draw the $ P_{u}-M_{u} $ interaction curve for a column and mark all salient points on it. Discuss all points.

Calculate the load carrying capacity of a short axially loaded column 350 mm reinforced with 6 bars of 22 mm of Fe-415 grade. The helical reinforcement consists of 8 mm bars of Fe-415 grade steel at 40 mm pitch. Assume clear cover of 40 mm and grade of concrete M-25.

Design a short axially loaded column carrying an axial working load of 1100 kN and size of column 400 mm x 450 mm. Use M-25 concrete and Fe-415 steel.

A 1.0 m wide cantilever chajja (small balcony) is constructed monolithically with a lintel over an opening 2.0 m wide garage door in a 230 mm thick brick wall (inclusive of plaster). The height of the door is 3.5 m and that of roof is 6.0 m. The weight of brick masonry is $ 19.5 \, kN/m^3 $. The LL on chajja is $ 1.5 \, kN/m^2 $ and the finish load may be taken as $ 0.6 \, kN/m^2 $. Design the chajja and lintel. The materials used are M-20 concrete and Fe-415 steel.

Discuss the behaviour of concrete and HYSD steel under compression and tension.

Design a rectangular column for the following data: Ultimate axial load = 1000 kN; Ultimate moment (about X-axis) at top bisecting depth of column = 30 kN-m; Ultimate moment (about Y-axis) at top bisecting width of column = 10 kN-m; Ultimate moment at bottom about X-axis = 20 kN-m; Ultimate moment at bottom about Y-axis = 10 kN-m; Unsupported length about X-axis = 6 m; Effective length about X-axis = 4.8 m; Unsupported length about Y-axis = 6 m; Effective length about Y-axis = 4.8 m. Width of column = 300 mm. Effective cover = 50 mm. Use M-25 concrete and Fe-415 steel. The column is braced and bends into single curvature. (Sp-16 graphs shall be provided.)

Design a simply supported one-way slab as shown in the figure below. It is subjected to an LL of $ 4 \, kN/m^2 $ and surface finish of $ 1 \, kN/m^2 $. Consider M-25 concrete and Fe-500 steel.

Discuss the role of engineer, architects, user and builder in building planning design and construction.

Design a reinforced concrete square footing for a column of section 400 mm x 400 mm which is subjected to a load of 1200 kN at service state. Consider: Weight to soil = $ 18 \, kN/m^3 $, Angle of repose = $ 30^{\circ} $, Allowable BC of soil = $ 120 \, kN/m^2 $. Use M-25 concrete and Fe-500 steel.

Determine moment of resistance of a beam section 300 mm width and 500 mm effective depth, if it is reinforced by 4-16 mm bars. Consider M-25 concrete and Fe-415 steel.